EGFR:
- Percent Cases Positive: 60-80%
- Methods: DNA Sequencing, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Associated Therapies: Cetuximab (Erbitux), Panitumumab (Vectibix)
- Percent Cases Positive: 35-45%
- Methods: Sanger Sequencing, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pyrosequencing, Next-Generation Sequencing
- Associated Therapies: None, KRAS-mutation positive is indicative of resistance to EGFR therapies
- Percent Cases Positive: 3-5%
- Methods: Sanger Sequencing, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pyrosequencing, Next-Generation Sequencing
- Associated Therapies: None, NRAS-mutation positive is indicative of resistance to EGFR therapies
- Percent Cases Positive: 5-8%
- Methods: DNA Sequencing, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Associated Therapies: None, BRAF-mutation positive is indicative of resistance to EGFR therapies
- Percent Cases Positive: 2-4%
- Methods: DNA Sequencing, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Associated Therapies:
- MSI+ / MMR+ indicative of higher family risk
- Indicative of reduced response to chemotherapy
- pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
- Percent Cases Positive: 5%
- Methods: Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Silver in situ hybridization, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Associated Therapies: trastuzumab (Herceptin), lapatinib (Tykerb), pertuzumab (Perjeta)